B-24 Liberator Bomber in World War II

The Consolidated B-24 Liberator was an American heavy bomber that entered service in 1941. A highly modern aircraft for its day, it first saw combat operations with the Royal Air Force. With the American entry into World War II, production of the B-24 increased. By the end of the conflict, over 18,500 B-24s had been constructed making it the most-produced heavy bomber in history. Employed in all theaters by the US Army Air Forces and US Navy, the Liberator routinely served alongside the more rugged Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress. In addition to service as heavy bomber, the B-24 played a critical role as a maritime patrol aircraft and aided in closing the air gap during the Battle of the Atlantic. The type was later evolved into the PB4Y Privateer maritime patrol aircraft. Liberators also served as long-range transports under the designation C-87 Liberator Express. Origins In 1938, the United State Army Air Corps approached Consolidated Aircraft about producing the new Boeing B-17 bomber under license as part of the Project A program to expand American industrial capacity. Visiting the Boeing plant in Seattle, Consolidated president Reuben Fleet assessed the B-17 and decided that a more modern aircraft could be designed using existing technology. Subsequent discussions led to the issuing of USAAC Specification C-212. Intended from the outset to be fulfilled by Consolidateds new effort, the specification called for a bomber with a higher speed and ceiling, as well as a greater range than the B-17. Responding in January 1939, the company incorporated several innovations from other projects into the final design which it designated the Model 32. Design Development Assigning the project to chief designer Isaac M. Laddon, Consolidated created a high-wing monoplane that featured a deep fuselage with large bomb-bays and retracting bomb-bay doors. Powered by four Pratt Whitney R1830 twin Wasp engines turning three-bladed variable-pitch propellers, the new aircraft featured long wings to improve performance at high altitude and increase payload. The high aspect ratio Davis wing employed in the design also allowed it to have a relatively high speed and extended range. This latter trait was gained due to wings thickness which provided additional space for fuel tanks. In addition, the wings possessed other technological improvements such as laminated leading edges. Impressed with the design, the USAAC awarded Consolidated a contract to build a prototype on March 30, 1939. Dubbed the XB-24, the prototype first flew on December 29, 1939. Pleased with the prototypes performance, the USAAC moved the B-24 into production the following year. A distinctive aircraft, the B-24 featured a twin tail and rudder assembly as well as flat, slab-sided fuselage. This latter characteristic earned it the name Flying Boxcar with many of its crews. The B-24 was also the first American heavy bomber to utilize tricycle landing gear. Like the B-17, the B-24 possessed a wide array of defensive guns mounted in top, nose, tail, and belly turrets. Capable of carrying 8,000 lbs. of bombs, the bomb-bay was divided in two by a narrow catwalk that was universally disliked by air crews but served as the fuselages structural keel beam. B-24 Liberator - Specifications (B-24J): General Length: 67 ft. 8 in.Wingspan: 110 ft.Height: 18 ft.Wing Area: 1,048 sq. ft.Empty Weight: 36,500 lbs.Loaded Weight: 55,000 lbs.Crew: 7-10 Performance Power Plant: 4 Ãâ€" Pratt Whitney R-1830 turbo-supercharged radial engines, 1,200 hp eachCombat Radius: 2,100 milesMax Speed: 290 mphCeiling: 28,000 ft. Armament Guns: 10 Ãâ€" .50 in. M2 Browning machine gunsBombs: 2,700-8,000 lbs. depending on range An Evolving Airframe An anticipated aircraft, both the Royal and French Air Forces placed orders through the Anglo-French Purchasing Board before the prototype had even flown. The initial production batch of B-24As was completed in 1941, with many being sold directly to the Royal Air Force including those originally meant for France. Sent to Britain, where the bomber was dubbed Liberator, the RAF soon found that they were unsuitable for combat over Europe as they had insufficient defensive armament and lacked self-sealing fuel tanks. Due to the aircrafts heavy payload and long range, the British converted these aircraft for use in maritime patrols and as long range transports. Learning from these issues, Consolidated improved the design and the first major American production model was the B-24C which also included improved Pratt Whitney engines. In 1940, Consolidated again revised the aircraft and produced the B-24D. The first major variant of the Liberator, the B-24D quickly amassed orders for 2,738 aircraft. Overwhelming Consolidateds production capabilities, the company vastly expanded its San Diego, CA factory and built a new facility outside of Fort Worth, TX. At maximum production, the aircraft was built at five different plans across the United States and under license by North American (Grand Prairie, TX), Douglas (Tulsa, OK), and Ford (Willow Run, MI). The latter built a massive plant at Willow Run, MI that, at its peak (August 1944), was producing one aircraft per hour and ultimately built around half of all Liberators. Revised and improved several times throughout World War II, the final variant, the B-24M, ended production on May 31, 1945. Other Uses In addition to its use as a bomber, the B-24 airframe was also the basis for the C-87 Liberator Express cargo plane and the PB4Y Privateer maritime patrol aircraft. Though based on the B-24, the PBY4 featured a single tail fin as opposed to the distinctive twin tail arrangement. This design was later tested on the B-24N variant and engineers found that it improved handling. Though an order for 5,000 B-24Ns was placed in 1945, it was cancelled a short time later when the war ended. Due to the B-24s range and payload capabilities, it was able to perform well in the maritime role, however the C-87 proved less successful as the aircraft had difficulty landing with heavy loads. As a result, it was phased out as the C-54 Skymaster became available. Though less effective in this role, the C-87 fulfilled a vital need early in the war for transports capable of flying long distances at high altitude and saw service in many theaters including flying the Hump from India to China. All told, 18,188 B-24s of all types were built making it the most produced bomber of World War II. Operational History The Liberator first saw combat action with the RAF in 1941, however due to their unsuitability they were reassigned to RAF Coastal Command and transport duty. Improved RAF Liberator IIs, featuring self-sealing fuel tanks and powered turrets, flew the types first bombing missions in early 1942, launching from bases in the Middle East. Though Liberators continued to fly for the RAF throughout the war, they were not employed for strategic bombing over Europe. With the US entry into World War II, the B-24 began to see extensive combat service. The first US bombing mission was a failed attack on Wake Island on June 6, 1942. Six days later, a small raid from Egypt was launched against the Ploesti oil fields in Romania. As US bomber squadrons deployed, the B-24 became the standard American heavy bomber in the Pacific Theater due to its longer range, while a mix of B-17 and B-24 units were sent to Europe. Operating over Europe, the B-24 became one of the principal aircraft employed in the Allies Combined Bomber Offensive against Germany. Flying as part of the Eighth Air Force in England and the Ninth and Fifteenth Air Forces in the Mediterranean, B-24s repeated pounded targets across Axis-controlled Europe. On August 1, 1943, 177 B-24s launched a famous raid against Ploesti as part of Operation Tidal Wave. Departing from bases in Africa, the B-24s struck the oil fields from low altitude but lost 53 aircraft in the process. Battle of the Atlantic While many B-24s were hitting targets in Europe, others were playing a key role in winning the Battle of the Atlantic. Flying initially from bases in Britain and Iceland, and later the Azores and the Caribbean, VLR (Very Long Range) Liberators played a decisive role in closing the air gap in the middle of the Atlantic and defeating the German U-boat threat. Utilizing radar and Leigh lights to locate the enemy, B-24s were credited in the sinking of 93 U-boats. The aircraft also saw extensive maritime service in the Pacific where B-24s and its derivative, the PB4Y-1, wreaked havoc on Japanese shipping. During the course of the conflict, modified B-24s also service as electronic warfare platforms as well as flew clandestine missions for the Office of Strategic Services.   Crew Issues While a workhorse of the Allied bombing effort, the B-24 was not hugely popular with American air crews who preferred the more rugged B-17. Among the issues with the B-24 was its inability to sustain heavy damage and remain aloft. The wings in particular proved vulnerable to enemy fire and if hit in critical areas could give way completely. It was not uncommon to see a B-24 falling from the sky with its wings folded upwards like a butterfly. Also, the aircraft proved highly susceptible to fires as many of the fuel tanks were mounted in the upper parts of the fuselage. In addition, crews nicknamed the B-24 the Flying Coffin as it possessed only one exit which was located near the tail of the aircraft. This made it difficult to impossible for the flight crew to escape a crippled B-24. It was due to these issues and the emergence of the Boeing B-29 Superfortress in 1944, that the B-24 Liberator was retired as a bomber at the end of hostilities. The PB4Y-2 Privateer, a fully navalized derivative of the B-24, remained in service with the US Navy until 1952 and with the US Coast Guard until 1958. The aircraft was also used in aerial firefighting through 2002 when a crash led to all remaining Privateers being grounded.

The Murder Of Ted Bundy - 1772 Words

There have been many serial killers all over the world known for murdering innocent people but there is one in particular who made an impact in society, Ted Bundy. This man known for his good looks and charm with young women is what helped him to murder all these woman’s and have gone away with it for a several time. This happened during the 1970’s, Ted Bundy did not live an ordinary life and this is probable reason as to why he led a life of murderous crimes with women. Ted Bundy was born November 24, 1946 he did not have a normal life he was raised by his grandparents and with him believing those were his actual parents and that his mother was his older sister. The Bundy family isolated him which he never got that family relationship yet he was very smart at school and popular. Also another thing that impacted life was a girl that went to the University of Washington who he fell madly in love with, Stephanie Brooks, who did not so much feel the same and broke it off. Due to his emotional devastation it is said that this is another reason to why he killed the victims he did, the people he selected had some of the same physical similarities to Stephanie Brooks. During that time he found the truth about his actual parents and that led to a huge psychological shock but he kept on his studies and majored in psychology. He then married Meg Anders and had a young daughter and 5 years after they got divorced. Then later out through time he met Stephanie Brooks again and theyShow MoreRelatedThe Murder Of Ted Bundy960 Words   |  4 Pageslife of Theodore Robert Bundy, better known as Ted Bundy. I will explain why he started to commit these murders, and the stories of the few victims that survived. You will read how he committed these murders, and what he did with the victims. You will learn about how he got away with escaping prison twice. Ted Bundy was sentenced to death after confessing to thirty-six murders. He started committing these murders when he was around eighteen years old. He continued these murders until he was twenty-fourRead MoreThe Murder Of Ted Bundy1005 Words   |  5 PagesPlease allow me to introduce to you three â€Å"individuals†. Theodore Robert Ted Bundy was a kidnapper, rapist, and necrophile, who assaulted and murdered numerous young women and girls during the 1970’s. Shortly before his execution, after more than a decade of denials, he confessed to 30 homicides committed in seven states between 1974 and 1978. The true victim count still remains unknown, and could be much higher. Ted Bundy died in the electric chair at Raiford Prison in Starke, Florida, on JanuaryRead MoreTed Bundy : Theories Behind His Murders2016 Words   |  9 Pages10/5/14 Ted Bundy – Theories Behind His Murders Crime occurs every day, all over the world. Most crime is unreported or is unknown to the vast majority of the populations. Over time, crime has grown to become a normal part of society and typically people are not surprised to hear that a crime has been committed. Most crimes are dealt with and forgotten, however a few crimes grab the media’s attention and are highly publicized, ultimately giving the criminal their 15 minutes of infamy. Ted BundyRead MoreThe Background Of Mr. Bundy And A Short Synopsis Of His Crimes1638 Words   |  7 PagesA.) Describe the background of Mr. Bundy and a short synopsis of his crimes Theodore Robert Cowell was born to Mother Eleanor Louise Cowell at Elizabeth Lund home for Unwed Mothers in Burlington, Vermont. Ted’s Mother was single at the time she conceived him, and during that time period it was immoral to be a single mother so her parents took care of Ted. He was under the impression that they were his parents and his Biological mother was his older sister, but in reality they were his grandparentsRead MoreTed Bundy: Unlikely Serial Killer1415 Words   |  6 PagesTed Bundy: Unlikely Serial Killer Americans were shocked in the 1970s when authorities began reporting a string of disappearances of young women from Washington, Colorado, Utah, Idaho, Florida and Oregon. The man behind these crimes was Theodore (Ted) Bundy. Many people still consider him to be one of the most notorious serial killers of all time and was once one of the FBI’s most wanted. He was officially tied to 36 murders, however he is believed to have committed more than one hundred. TheRead MoreTed Bundy1633 Words   |  7 PagesTed Bundy Marel Respress Columbia College Professor Judith Revels Criminology SOCI 321 Abstract This research paper will explore the life of a serial killer named Ted Bundy. We will look at the cause and effects of him becoming a serial killer. We will also discuss the different criminology theories behind Ted Bundy’s actions. Based on what was discovered in the research no one theory can explain the action of Ted Bundy as a serial killer. The remainder of the paper is laid out as follows:Read MoreSerial Killer : Ted Bundy1492 Words   |  6 Pagesserial killer, Ted Bundy, disseminated terror throughout the United States. He was connected to at least thirty-six murders, although some believed he had committed more than one hundred murders. Bundy confessed to killing thirty women in seven states before his execution by electric chair on January 24, 1989. Ted Bundy appeared as a successful and an attractive gentleman, who seemed to have a lot going for him. Nevertheless, ingrained was the heart of a serial killer! Ted Bundy was a psychopath;Read MoreSerial Murders Are N ot Indigenous, Nor Are They A New Phenomenon1157 Words   |  5 Pagescause someone to go on a ravenous murder spree? Serial murders are not indigenous, nor are they a new phenomenon. Ted Bundy and The Zodiac Killer are well-known individuals that are often mentioned when speaking about infamous serial killers. Conventional characteristics such as quantity, time, and place are all put into consideration when classifying a murderer as a serial killer (FBI). The Federal Bureau of Investigation definition states that three or more murders must take place at different locationsRead MoreTed Bundy And Charles Manson : The Characteristics Of Serial Killers And Mass Murderers1550 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironment or of delusional thoughts from a chemical imbalance? Someone who kills is an obsessed individual who lacks a conscience and who has no remorse. All the known characteristics of someone who kills point to something beyond our comprehension. Ted Bundy and Charles Manson are both inf amous in the world of criminal history. Not all killers are the same: they may have grown up differently, used certain killing methods, and had a unique pool of victims. Iyanla Vanzant, an American inspirational speakerRead MoreTed Bundy : A Serial Killer Essay895 Words   |  4 PagesTed Bundy Theodore Robert Cowell, known as Ted Bundy, is one of the most famous serial killers in US history. He was born on November 24, 1946, to Eleanor Louise Cowell, known as Louise. Louise was ostracized by those around her because she was single and pregnant. Louise traveled from Philadelphia to a home for unwed mothers in Burlington, Vermont, to give birth to Ted. In 1950, Louise and Ted moved to Tacoma, Washington, to stay with her uncle Jack, a man of whose education and intelligence Ted

Mcdonalds Free Essays

1. Which characteristics of McDonald’s production system have been most important in building its record of success and growth? McDonald’s operating system is built on the characteristics of guaranteeing uniform quality and service and maintaining it remarkably consistent across all units. It mainly focused on factors such as providing customers with pleasant experience, fast service and tasty and inexpensive food. We will write a custom essay sample on Mcdonalds or any similar topic only for you Order Now McDonald’s took several measures to ascertain consistency across units. In their ‘Speedee Service System’, they standardized their preparations methods by employing a combination of product specifications and customized equipment. While the competitors entered McDonald’s market and tried to emulate its product preparation and franchise recruiting process, McDonald’s sought out to build special set of relationships with its suppliers and its franchises. McDonald’s operating system primarily concentrated on four areas: 1. Improving the product 2. Developing outstanding supplier relationships 3. Improving equipment 4. Training and monitoring franchises They paid a great attention to detail in the pursuit of improving the product. Product improvement was a revolutionary innovation on McDonald’s operation strategy. McDonald’s highly monitored the way farmers grew potatoes and ranchers raised beef, introduced alterations in both potato and meat processing and invented efficient cooking equipment to meet its tailored needs. Restricting itself to relatively small number of menu items helped McDonald’s spend time and effort in improving the processes, monitor their supplies and maintain consistency. McDonald’s production system heavily adhered to the standards mentioned in its operation manual, be it the way the hamburgers were made or the French fries were made. To ensure quality, products were held in transfer bins no more than ten minutes. McDonald’s was more concerned about quality. They never bargained with the supplier for the price, rather they believed in supplier making fair profits and letting the suppliers grow alongside of McDonald’s. McDonald’s meticulous attention to detail was driven by its practice of seeking to study every component of its operation to learn what worked and what failed. These studies and their results were used continuously to revise and improve and do things in better ways. . What are the primary new challenges McDonald’s faces in the 1990s? Despite the fact that McDonald’s provided quick and consistent service to its customers, during the 1990s its sales per unit had slowed down. They were facing some vexing challenges such as growing need for flexibility and product variety. Although McDonald’s expanded in the international market, its US quick-service market went down drastically. It had 2500 franchises and 8814 restaurants and accounted for 60% of the company’s revenues and yet it needed to be supported. The primary challenges that McDonald’s faced during the 1990’s include: 1. Health and nutrition awareness amongst consumers 2. Recession attributing to reduced consumer purchasing power 3. Competitors in fast food and dine-in services 4. Competitors’ variety of menu and products 5. Competitors low pricing strategy 6. McDonald’s brand image One of the reasons for this decline in the US quick-service market was because of demographic trends. Consumers were becoming more health conscious and aware of nutritional and dietary options while not compromising on taste. The eating habits amongst the youth and the older generations have undergone significant changes. Consumers tend to be picky in determining their daily consumptions. They have also expressed their dissatisfaction on the quality of food which was being served by McDonald’s. It is an obvious fact that burgers comprise of fat and oil and is bound to affect one’s health but their conscience as well. Besides health reasons, many Americans’ eating habits have changed towards the concept of eating out. Recession during that era has taken a heavy toll on many consumers causing them to be thrifty and have returned to home cooked meal instead. While this was not universal, it contributed to the decline in per unit sale. One other major reason for the decline in McDonald’s per unit sales was the entry of specialist competitors. These competitors were in both drive-through and dine-in services. Sonic and Rally’s were one example of competitors in hamburger chain that offered drive-through service only and were specialized in delivering burgers in much faster fashion. While on the other hand, competitors like Chili’s and Olive Garden were family-style restaurants and they focused primarily on targeting middle aged consumers (aged 40 to 60) amongst whom casual dining was becoming more popular. The competitors also catered to consumers who were in pursuit of variety of food. Chili’s and Olive Garden offered a wide variety of menu items while McDonald’s focused on having a limited menu choices while controlling the quality and consistency. Furthermore, the competitors provided a variety of menu items and yet prices remained competitive when compared to McDonald’s. Competitors like Taco Bell shifted it kitchen operations to external suppliers, reduced kitchen space in outlets and thus used cost based strategy (low prices) to compete with McDonalds. One other reason for decline in sales was McDonald’s brand image itself. While responding to the prevailing market conditions and consumer needs, McDonald’s has introduced new menu items including pizzas. However, McDonald’s being practically synonymous with burgers, consumers never thought of McDonald’s when they wanted to eat pizza. McDonald’s not only had to extend its own brand image that it has built over a span of several years, it also had to challenge established competitors and their reputation. 3. How would you adapt the system to accommodate these changes in the U. S.? Adapting the system to accommodate the changes in US can be explained using Porter’s five forces. Threat of Competitors (traditional rivalry) In the current US fast food industry, there are a number of players in the market, McDonald’s being the largest. The competitors are majorly large corporations running across various locations and they compete with McDonald’s by huge marketing strategies. While the threat from competitors is high in terms of variety of food and location, McDonald’s can combat the competitors rivalry by focusing on its outlet and franchise locations and by diversifying their menu to meet the consumer preferences Threat of New Entrants Entry barriers are very few into the fast food industry and there are new entrants of differing magnitudes emerging all the time. Only the economies of scale and distribution access seem to be the major barriers and hence there is a likelihood of more entrants into the market. This in turn is increasing the threat from competitors. McDonald’s being the largest in the fast food industry in the US, it should use its brand power and influences to stop new entrants grow big in this industry. Doing this would give McDonald’s a competitive advantage over the new entrants and thus help survive in the industry Threat from Substitutes Substitutes for fast food industry players are the dine-in services, caterers and ready-to-eat/heat-and-eat food products available in super markets. The threat from substitutes is high when: 1. Consumer switching costs are low 2. Substitute products are cheaper 3. Substitute product has equal or superior quality when compared to the industry product Since the fast food industry currently has a variety of substitutes, the threat from substitutes is high. McDonald’s can gain competitive advantage over its substitutes by combating the aforementioned three issues and also focusing on marketing its product as healthy and nutritious and increasing the awareness amongst its consumers. Power of Supplier Given the massive size of McDonald’s, it has the advantage of driving the lower prices of raw materials from suppliers due to economies of scale. The power is less with the supplier since no supplier wants to lose McDonald’s from their customers list. If McDonald’s plans to diversify its menu, it should ensure that the suppliers are capable of supplying a large scale material in order to cater its consumer need in US market. Power of Buyer In order to meet its consumer needs in the US market and maintain a high consumer satisfaction rate, McDonald’s has to do things that will safeguard its consumer loyalty. To achieve this, McDonald’s has to come up with variety in its products and low prices consistently while not compromising on quality. Product differentiation is very important in the fast food industry to suppress competition and withstand the industry pressure. Buyer bargaining power also depends on the quality of products the industry provides and hence McDonald’s has to ensure that the quality is not compromised. Apart from the aforementioned factors, McDonald’s is also facing a high employee turnover rate. They have very low paid, non-union, part time jobs with low rights and conditions. This is causing the employees leave the organization. This high attrition rate is causing huge costs to McDonald’s since the company spends a huge amount of money in training the employees and the franchises. To combat this issue of high employee attrition, McDonald’s should restructure the pay and incentive system and be more flexible towards the employees. 4. How can McDonalds lay the basis for future growth? McDonald’s has always been focusing on the quality of service, be it consistent or fast, ever since its inception. This has been a remarkably distinguishing factor for McDonald’s to reach apex in the fast-food industry. McDonald’s has already introduced menu diversification options. Instead of making this diversification across all geographies, it should first implement and test the strategy in various small locations. Based on the success rate of this change, it should spread the diversified menu to all of its outlets and franchises. Also, while introducing new menu items, it should do a careful planning of targeting a new market segment (children) and their preferences based on the demography in which the change is introduced. Since there in a tremendous increase in consumer awareness about the nutritional and dietary options, McDonald’s should now expand its menu to contain more nutritional items. Introducing a whole new line of healthy items will help retain consumer satisfaction and loyalty while allowing competing with the market. When new menu items are introduced, consumer feedback should be taken to evaluate if the menu expansion was good or bad. Consumers should be encouraged to give feedback by awarding surprise rewards. This gives motivation to the consumer and would also help the company in making the right decisions. However, while introducing new menu items, McDonald’s has to ensure to be first in the market to introduce a new variety of menu items and be the trend-setter. It has to formulate strategies to be able to be first in the marketplace rather than being a follower. Furthermore, McDonald’s can take the advantage of organic food industry popularity to build its entire new set of menu items. Another issue that McDonald’s should focus on is changing the consumers’ perception about McDonald’s. New marketing campaigns have to be launched to highlight the improved quality, service, and cleanliness and to address the complaints about bad service. Additionally, McDonald’s should set up an internal health inspection team to do investigate quality of their products and address issues related to consumer perception. For example, it is generally known that burgers in McDonald’s are â€Å"junk† food and that stigma affects reputation of McDonald’s. By engaging these inspection teams, McDonald’s should erode this consumer perception to survive the competition in fast food industry. How to cite Mcdonalds, Essay examples

Issue of Online Recruitment Process-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the issues of Online Recruitment Process. Answer: Background of the issue Online recruitment is regarded as one of the latest trend in the recruitment process and it has been widely used by many organizations. An important issue of online recruitment process is the ambiguity of the employees. There are some advantages of meeting the employees and employing them via an interview. Although the Internet has made the process much easier and less time consuming but there are certain hidden traits and characteristics of the people that are difficult to examine without interviewing the person via a face-to-face interview. In such cases, there is an increased chance of hiring such an individual who does not fit for that particular job role. The organization fails to judge the personality and quality of the candidates when they hire the employees via online mode. The management or the HR professional misinterprets the ability of the applicants while conducting the interview via online source. In certain cases, the qualified candidates with relevant years of experie nce are excluded from the selection process because they cannot describe their skills and qualifications on their resume (Sivertzen, Nilsen Olafsen, 2013). Importance and extent of the issue It becomes difficult to check the skills of the employees if the organization recruits via online recruitment. As there are many resumes for a single post, it becomes difficult for the company to choose the right candidates for the right post. It has also been found that the recruiters overlook the qualified employees and they focus on those candidates who submit their resume through online application. It has been found that the increasing popularity of online recruitment is excluding the potential candidates. The potential candidates have worked through the traditional method and they are not comfortable with the online process and thus they are eliminated from the process (Golder Macy, 2014). It becomes difficult to check the quality of the candidates through the use of web tools. There are many organizations have reported that they are getting unqualified people through online recruitment. As online recruitment requires less time and money, the candidates who are interested or a pply for the job finds its cost effective and they apply for the post without having the relevant qualifications. The employers receive the applications from the unqualified candidates who are not ideally fit or interested for the position. The company must apply the correct screening strategy to select the correct candidates and thus it makes the application process more efficient. Online recruitment also makes it difficult for the employers to read or understand the body language of the employees. This is possible in face-to-face interviews (Brandon et al., 2013). The employees also have to send detailed information of their personal information and this will possess a security risk for them. Moreover, many recruiters use encrypted online application for the promotion of safety and security of the entire process. The companies also fails o remove the outdated job postings for the positions on their websites that have already been filled. This happens due to the miscommunication between the human resource personals. Online recruitment also does not allow the employers to understand the behavior of the candidates who are applying for the particular position (Kavanagh Johnson, 2017). This is more evident for the employers if they recruit the employees through interview process. On the other hand, the applicant is also not able to speak directly to the representatives of the company if they are recruited through online process. This communication gap creates confusion and ambiguity and thus it hamper the morale of the candidates. It is often seen that in certain positions, one-to-one meeting of the candidates plays an important role and in this case online recruitment is considered as disadvantageous (Salmons,2014). Method of research into the issue The research will be conducted keeping in view the time factor. The research must be unbiased and it must not favour the employees or the employers. The researcher must not disclose the internal information or data of the employers to any third party organizations while carrying out the research. Confidentiality plays an important role in this aspect. The researcher must maintain ethical responsibility while carrying out the research (Becchetti, Ciciretti and Giovannelli, 2013). Results of the research It has been found that online recruitment is a challenge for the human resource professionals. The efficiency and the unparalleled access of the internet is posing a threat for the human resource professionals. There exists a huge communication gap between the employers and the employees in online recruitment. The potential candidates are not selected for the correct profile and the job role because they are not familiar with the latest technological process. It also becomes difficult to measure the skills of the employees when the employers hire through online mode (Salmons,2014). The quality of the candidates cannot be accessed through the web tools. It becomes difficult to judge the body language of the employees as this plays an important role in the recruitment process. The employees also face the same problem because they cannot speak or convey their ideas when they are hired through online process. Thus, it can be said that there is high chance of hiring a candidate who is not fit for the job position through online recruitment (Kavanagh Johnson, 2017). Recommendation As it becomes difficult to judge the employees and hire them via the internet, it is important to conduct a face-to-face screening process before hiring them directly and relying upon their previous experience or their educational qualification. If the candidate cannot visit the company, then an interview must be conducted via Skype or other modes of videoconferencing. Although there is no such direct alternative of face-to-face recruitment, but video conferencing will be beneficial to some extent. As it is important to know the person before hiring him/her for a particular position in the company, the recruiter must conduct capability testing. This will help to test the candidates capability on a realistic basis and the HR can judge the capability of the employees. Thus, it can be said that it is vital to conduct a close interview of the candidates before hiring them through online process. References Becchetti, L., Ciciretti, R., Giovannelli, A. (2013). Corporate social responsibility and earnings forecasting unbiasedness.Journal of Banking Finance,37(9), 3654-3668. Brandon, D. M., Long, J. H., Loraas, T. M., Mueller-Phillips, J., Vansant, B. (2013). Online instrument delivery and participant recruitment services: Emerging opportunities for behavioral accounting research.Behavioral Research in Accounting,26(1), 1-23. Golder, S. A., Macy, M. W. (2014). Digital footprints: Opportunities and challenges for online social research.Annual Review of Sociology,40. Kavanagh, M. J., Johnson, R. D. (Eds.). (2017).Human resource information systems: Basics, applications, and future directions. Sage Publications. Salmons, J. (2014).Qualitative online interviews: Strategies, design, and skills. Sage Publications. Sivertzen, A. M., Nilsen, E. R., Olafsen, A. H. (2013). Employer branding: employer attractiveness and the use of social media.Journal of Product Brand Management,22(7), 473-483.